I’m curious you’d see it in ls -l Did inode change? I remember making the same mistake. I think everyone sees this sometime during the career

Not sure, but I think that designing an internet measurement in a RIPE Atlas network might just fit this task? https://atlas.ripe.net/probes/ You have micro cuts, but are those only to the big name websites or to something local as well? Might help answer that, and give ISP data on where exactly are they hitting the bottleneck and what are they missing monitoring.